I think that the answer is: A
<span>The correct answer is the last option. A guild is
an association of artisans or merchants who oversaw and trained new merchants
(apprentice). They were organized in a manner of a professional association, trade
union, cartel, and secret society. The important result of guilds is emergence
of universities of Bologna, Paris and Oxford.</span>
The answer is poverty. Although, Structural adjustment programs aim to develop countries like the South and Middle America. However, the program only made these countries poorer than they were. These countries made these nations fall under high debt.
