Answer:Deductive reasoning determines whether the truth of a can be determined for that , based solely on the truth of the premises. Example: "When it rains, things outside get wet. The grass is outside, therefore: when it rains, the grass gets wet." Mathematical logic and philosophical logic are commonly associated with this type of reasoning.
Inductive reasoning attempts to support a determination of the . It hypothesizes a after numerous examples are taken to be a that follows from a in terms of such a . Example: "The grass got wet numerous times when it rained, therefore: the grass always gets wet when it rains." While they may be persuasive, these arguments are not deductively valid, see the problem of induction. Science is associated with this type of reasoning.
Abductive reasoning, a.k.a. , selects a cogent set of . Given a true and a , it attempts to select some possible that, if true also, can support the , though not uniquely. Example: "When it rains, the grass gets wet. The grass is wet. Therefore, it might have rained." This kind of reasoning can be used to develop a hypothesis, which in turn can be tested by additional reasoning or data. Diagnosticians, detectives, and scientists often use this type of reasoning.
Within the context of a mathematical model, these three kinds of reasoning can be described as follows. The construction/creation of the structure of the model is . Assigning values (or probability distributions) to the parameters of the model is . Executing/running the model is .
Other kinds of reasoning beside the three common categories above are:
Defeasible reasoning
Paraconsistent reasoning
Probabilistic reasoning
Statistical reasoning
Explanation:
