Volcano/hot spot they are made of many plumesbof lava coming out of the mantal and hardening. After a long time, the crust moves from continental drift but the hot spot stays in the same spot there for creating a new island
Bismarck created an excuse to attack France by pressing and releasing a telegram that made it see William I had insulted the Frenchman. Furious, Napoleon III declared war on Prussia, as Bismarck had hoped.