All of the above (correct me if I’m wrong) :)
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Starting in the 1900s, technologies and industrial developments advanced enormously, modifying the living conditions of human beings in general, throughout the entire width and length of the earth's surface.
Thus, starting with the Industrial Revolution of the mid-1800s, technologies such as the steam engine and the development of automated means of production generated a series of technological advances that allowed a greater modification of the environmental environment of human beings, in in order to guarantee better living conditions.
Now, these modifications, which at first were not harmful or at least not to a great extent, over the years and the development of technological advances began to impact the environment: the extraction of raw materials began To generate scarcity of them, the emission of gases into the atmosphere began to generate the phenomenon of global warming, and even indiscriminate hunting led to the extinction of hundreds of thousands of animal species.
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Benedict de Spinoza was among the most important of the post-Cartesian philosophers who flourished in the second half of the 17th century. He made significant contributions in virtually every area of philosophy, and his writings reveal the influence of such divergent sources as Stoicism, Jewish Rationalism, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Descartes, and a variety of heterodox religious thinkers of his day. For this reason he is difficult to categorize, though he is usually counted, along with Descartes and Leibniz, as one of the three major Rationalists. Given Spinoza's devaluation of sense perception as a means of acquiring knowledge, his description of a purely intellectual form of cognition, and his idealization of geometry as a model for philosophy, this categorization is fair. But it should not blind us to the eclecticism of his pursuits, nor to the striking originality of his thought. Among philosophers, Spinoza is best known for his Ethics, a monumental work that presents an ethical vision unfolding out of a monistic metaphysics in which God and Nature are identified. God is no longer the transcendent creator of the universe who rules it via providence, but Nature itself, understood as an infinite, necessary, and fully deterministic system of which humans are a part. Humans find happiness only through a rational understanding of this system and their place within it. On account of this and the many other provocative positions he advocates, Spinoza has remained an enormously controversial figure. For many, he is the harbinger of enlightened modernity who calls us to live by the guidance of reason. For others, he is the enemy of the traditions that sustain us and the denier of what is noble within us. After a review of Spinoza's life and works, this article examines the main themes of his philosophy, primarily as they are set forth in the Ethics.
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