Answer:
Option (1), (2), (3) and (4)
Explanation:
Weathering refers to the breakdown of rocks mechanically or chemically due to the factors such as temperature, rainfall, water and wind and these weathered materials are transported from one place to another.
There are certain factors that affects the rate of weathering. They are as follows-
1) Composition of the rock- The rocks are often comprised of different types of minerals. These minerals are formed under various conditions, and it ranges from soft to hard type of minerals. The hard minerals are least prone to weathering, whereas the softer minerals are easily eroded. For example, a rock comprised of quartz such as quartzite is more resistant to weathering than shale and limestone.
2) Crystal size- The size of the crystal also plays an important role in the weathering process. The smaller crystals are more prone to weathering than the coarser grained crystals.
3) Rock properties- The properties of rock also controls the weathering rate. A rock with high hardness and absence of fractures and cleavages tends to be more stable and resistant to weathering. But a rock with relatively low hardness and presence of fractures leads to the rapid rate of weathering.
4) Climate- Climate is one of the most important factor that is responsible for the process of weathering. The places where the amount of rainfall and temperature is high, there the rate of weathering is significantly high. Whereas, the places where there is least rainfall and temperature, there the weathering rate is comparatively less.
Thus, the correct answers are option (1), (2), (3) and (4).
