Answer:
The Bullwhip Effect
Explanation:
Bullwhip effect is a phenomenon that occurs in an organisation's channel of distribution due to swings or erratic demands for products by customers. This erratic nature of demands will usually lead to forecasting inefficiencies especially in meeting the demands through the supply chain.
A sudden increase in demand could lead to production planning problems because there might not be enough inventory of materials on ground to meet the demand. Also, a sudden decrease in demand can bring the challenge of excess inventory of materials which may not be needed for production for a while.
One of the measures taken to manage this erratic nature of demands is to ensure that whatever the forecasts for demands is, safety stock must be included to the forecast level of demand so as to ensure that production planning is adequate and the demands are met as well.
<span>Past studies have found that new products fail in the market around 35-40 percent of the time. Here are some remarkable examples:
</span><span>Iridium Satellite Telephone - -$7 bil
Mobile ESPN - $150 mil
Apple Newton PDA - -$400 mil
RJR Premiere Cigarette - -$325 mil and an additional loss of $125 mil
RCA Videodisk Player - -$450 mil</span>
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