Astronomers can often identify a binary system that includes only one visible star by observing the effects on the dim star's what on its brighter companion, causing a 'wobble'.
The Yucatán Peninsula (/ˌjuːkəˈtɑːn/; Spanish: Península de Yucatán), in southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico, with the northern coastline on the Yucatán Channel.
Yes, geographers do study the growth pattern of world population; its a branch of geography called demography
It might be a gulf. ...................................
Megadiverse means a lot of biodiversity. Mega = a lot
Diversity = variation