Modern astronomy came mostly from the discovery that the earth was revolving around the sun and not the sun around the earth. The church claimed before that the earth is in the middle of the universe and that the sun goes around it, however, astronomers of the time managed to prove that the earth was in fact revolving around the sun.
During the colonization of North America, several European countries laid claims to territory. This includes France, Spain, and Great Britain. All three of these European countries wanted the natural resources that North America wanted to offer. This type of competition for resources, profit, and power resulted in fighting over territory between these countries. A perfect example of this would be the French and Indian War, as the British fought th French over disputed land in modern day Pittsburgh.
This is moreso japan but it helped them stay peaceful and avoid war as well as not have foreigners taking their jobs
