Answer:
Fading involves gradually decreasing the frequency of reinforcement for "not-exactly-right" behaviors.
Explanation:
Fading occurs as time passes, and a conditioned response is no longer reinforced:
<em>Fading also is known as Extinction occurred as Pavlov's dogs were no longer given food, so even if the sound they associated kept ringing, their saliva stopped in the absence of the food after a while. (which initially reinforced the conditioning) </em>
<em>It means that the operant behavior will not result in the reinforcing consequences and making eventually the conditioned behavior to stop happening. </em>
<em>If for any reason an exctincted behavior reappears again somehow it has gone through fading , it is called resurgence. </em>
Answer:
Lesions
Explanation:
LESIONS can be defined as the process that occur when a person or an individual suffers any damage in which such damage leads to abnormal change in the tissue organ of that person and it is usually caused by disease or when the person suffer trauma as well as injury and it may as well occur in plants as well as animals although the common causes of this LESIONS can have causes that aren't due to underlying disease. such as birthmarks, or scars while the most common causes of skin lesions are injury, aging, infectious diseases among others.
Examples in a situation where a perosn has severe diseases it can cause skin lesions.
Therefore based on the scenario some researchers remove parts of the brain in animals to observe changes in behavior which was why the study rely on LESIONS.
Answer:
The Court ruled that the ban on affirmative action in the Michigan Constitution is Constitutional.
Explanation:
The Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action is a case of affirmation, race and sex discrimination in public university admission.
On the 22nd of April, 2014 the court held that fourteenth Amendment's equal protection Clause does not prevent states from enacting bans on affirmation in education.
According to Justice Scalia, '' Constitution [forbids] government discrimination on the basis of race, and state-provided education is no exception''. Justice Scalia believe that the people in Michigan followed the understanding of the clause as their fundamental law.
Other court associate Justice include; Clarence Thomas, Stephen Breyer, Samuel Alito, Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan, Anthony Kennedy and Ruth Badder Ginsburg. The Chief Justice for the case then is John Roberts.
