Answer:
D Flow of protons across an electrochemical gradient
Explanation:
The chloroplast adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase uses the electrochemical proton gradient generated by photosynthesis to produce ATP, the energy currency of all cells. Protons conducted through the membrane-embedded Fo motor drive ATP synthesis in the F1 head by rotary catalysis.
In chloroplasts, photosynthetic electron transport generates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane which then drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase.
The light-induced electron transfer in photosynthesis drives protons into the thylakoid lumen. The excess protons flow out of the lumen through ATP synthase to generate ATP in the stroma.
Majority of ATP is produced by OXIDATION PHOSPHORYLATION. The generation of ATP by oxidation phosphorylation differs from the way ATP is produced during glycolysis.
Electrons are passed from one member of the transport chain to another in a series of redox reactions. Energy released in these reactions is captured as a proton gradient, which is then used to make ATP in a process called chemiosmosis.
Answer:
a tornado is a very destructive cloud that destroys things bring a lot of damage and harm to everybody where that tornado is located
Explanation:
Answer:
The foaming in the elephant toothpaste demonstration means that a gas is produced. Production of a gas is a clue that a chemical reaction has occurred. The water vapor in the genie-in-a-bottle demonstration also shows the production of a gas.
Answer:
O The neuron has more potassium ions inside than outside.
Explanation:
The membrane resting potential is defined as the difference in electrical charge between the interior of neurons and their outer environment. In neurons, both sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) pumps contribute to generating the resting potential. Neurons have a higher concentration of K+ inside than outside and a higher concentration of Na+ outside than inside. When a neuron is at its rest state, where the inside is negative with respect to the outside, its membrane is more permeable to K+ than Na+, and therefore the resting membrane potential is closer to the equilibrium potential of K+.
Answer:
chloroplasts work to convert light energy of the sun into sugars that can be used by cells. Its like a solar panel that changes sunlight energy into electric energy. The entire process is called photosynthesis and it all depends on the little green chlorophyll molecules in each chloroplast.
