In China,the Tang (618 - 907 A.D.) and the Song Dynasties based their bureaucracies on Confucian ideals (960 - 1279 A.D.) as a way of strengthening ethics thus ruling out corruption in civil service. In order to achieve this, every candidate aspiring to a job position in the government had to pass difficult tests on Confucianism.
The middle class. because they wanted their own power and control.
King, Prophet are your answers.
