Results from multiple experiments suggest that the ActA protein of Listeria, an integral membrane protein expressed on the cell
surface, is the only bacterial protein that is required for the movement of the bacterium within its host cell. Which combination of the following observations shows that ActA is both, necessary and sufficient for bacterial movement? Please note: E. Coli is not an intracellular bacterium - it does not normally move inside the cytosol, and it does not express ActA.
I. ActA binds to the Arp2/3 complex
II. E. Coli in which ActA is expressed moves in host cell cytosol
III. Listeria lacking the ActA gene fail to move inside the host cell cytosol.
IV. ActA has 3 transmembrane domains
V. Arp2/3, when activated, nucleates a branched actin network
In order to prove that ActA protein of Listeria is necessary and sufficient for bacterial movement within its host cell a series of results in transformed Listeria and transformed E. Coli must be obtained. First, if Listeria lacking the ActA gene fail to move inside the host cell cytosol it will prove that ActA is necessary for bacterial movement. Second, a transformed E. Coli that expresses ActA should be able to move in host cell cytosol. Wild type E. Coli does not expresses ActA, if ActA alone makes E. Coli able to move in host cell cytosol it will prove that ActA is sufficient for bacterial movement.
The answer is The bone will become soft and Flexible
Inorganic component of bone would be consist of calcium and other deposition that makes the bone hard. The inorganic components are easily dissolved by acid which are used by osteoclast cell to remodel the bone. After the inorganic component removed, the bone will lose its hardness which make them more flexible.
The effect of land development on biodiversity has resulted in the habitat destroyed, the ecosystem is destroyed, species extinctions, and overexploited.
An increase in urbanization, human activities is the main cause of land development and this has affected biodiversity.
development in land includes activities such as clearing of land, increasing the intensity of a landscape, removal of vegetation, filling of the land, grading, construction, dredging has resulted in the loss of wildlife, affected the biota, threatened the ecosystems, species.
