D. economic prosperity
the great potato famine left many irish in poverty causing them to migrate to america!
A: The Civil War
Assuming that you're talking about the American (U.S) civil war, that is.
The civil war was a conflict between the rights of the (slave owning) states and the national government. A war about state rights.
The war of 1812 was between 2 independent, sovereign nations.
The great depression was just an economic thing.
The northwest ordnance, I have the least knowledge of, but it still wasn't between states and the national government.
Hope this helps.
The answer is the Preamble, the preamble outlined the founding fathers intentions and was the introduction to the constitution. hope i helped, tag me if you need help