The Atlantic slave trade had a negative impact on the African societies and long term impoverishment of the west Africans. For some it intensified effects already present among its rulers and kingdoms
It is hard to say without looking at your source (textbook or article if you have one associated with this question) but in the most recent studies, it has been Islam.
Answer: Complete political independence, and the government of Syrian to be Democratic civil constitutional Monarchy. No.
Explanation: This is what I found after reading the text.
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