"Dynamic" would be the best option from the list in terms of a word that best describes the English language. This is because the English language, like many other languages, is always evolving and changing.
I'm almost sure that the answer is B, when you are writing an analytical essay about any topic -or any essay for that matter- you must have a main argument that can be supported -this is why you have to have 3 body paragraphs, each give a reason or support the claim (argument)-
Hello!
"Quickly" is an adverb since it is describing the verb, "sped."
It answers the question "how did it speed?" - It sped <em>quickly</em>.