Question

A statement that explains what something does under the same conditions and is broadly agreed upon by the science community is

Answer 1

Law

Example:
PV = k 
Where P is pressure of the gas and V is volume of the gas and k is constant. 
It easily derived by the equation above.
Boyle’s law states that when the gas amount and its temperature the same or held constant, within a closed system, the relation of the pressure exerted by the gas is inversely proportional to its volume. So in the situation, the pressure increases, so its volume decreases.