The physics of blackbody radiation that enabled us to understand the variation of stellar colors. It was noticed that the spectra of stars look extremely similar to blackbody radiation curves of various temperatures. Ranging from a couple of thousand kelvin to ~50,000 kelvin. Stars are similar to blackbodies and the color variation of stars is a direct consequence of their surface temperatures. To estimate the surface temperature of a star, we can use the known relationship between the temperature of a blackbody and the wavelength of light where the spectrum peaks. As you increase the temperature of a blackbody, the peak of its spectrum moves to shorter (bluer) wavelengths of light.
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Africa, the second-largest continent<span>, is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. It is divided in half almost equally by the </span>Equator. The continent includes the islands of Cape Verde, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, and Comoros.
<span>Africa’s </span>physical geography<span>, </span>environment<span> and </span>resource<span>s, and </span>human geography<span> can be considered separately.</span>
<span>The origin of the name “Africa” is greatly disputed by </span>scholar<span>s. Most believe it stems from words used by the Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans. Important words include the Egyptian word </span>Afru-ika<span>, meaning “Motherland”; the Greek word </span>aphrike<span>, meaning “without cold”; and the Latin word </span>aprica, meaning “sunny.”
<span>Today, Africa is home to more countries than any other continent in the world. These countries are: Morocco, Western Sahara (Morocco), Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, Chad, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Eritrea and the island countries of Cape Verde, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, and Comoros.</span>
Quaternary period<span>, Cenozoic </span>era<span>, and Phanerozoic </span>eon<span>.</span>