The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (the crust and upper mantle), is broken up into tectonic plates. The Earth's lithosphere is composed of seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary: convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The relative movement of the plates typically ranges from zero to 100 mm annually.[2]
Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle; the material lost is roughly balanced by the formation of new (oceanic) crust along divergent margins by seafloor spreading. In this way, the total surface of the lithosphere remains the same. This prediction of plate tectonics is also referred to as the conveyor belt principle. Earlier theories, since disproven, proposed gradual shrinking (contraction) or gradual expansion of the globe.[3]
Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying asthenosphere. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in convection. Plate movement is thought to be driven by a combination of the motion of the seafloor away from the spreading ridge (due to variations in topography and density of the crust, which result in differences in gravitational forces) and drag, with downward suction, at the subduction zones. Another explanation lies in the different forces generated by tidal forces of the Sun and Moon. The relative importance of each of these factors and their relationship to each other is unclear, and still the subject of much debate.
<span>"Because the Earth is spherical in shape, the areas between the Poles and the Equator benefit from solar energy to different extents over the year. Those areas on the Equator receive the highest levels of solar energy, and that energy declines towards the Poles. The temperatures of atmospheric masses thus differ as one moves from the Equator to the Poles." (http://assandra-sciences.blogspot.com/2010/07/how-does-shape-of-earth-affect-climate.html)
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All the answers are correct look at a map.
The answer is the urals and the caucasus mountains
San Andreas fault is a transform fault- it means that the two plates are not getting closer and converging or getting away from each other and diverging but rather moving in different directions - the American part is moving South and the Pacific part is moving North.
