The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire), which ended participation of Russia in the world War I. The treaty was signed in Brest-Litovsk after two months of negotiations and was forced to the Bolshevik government by the threat of more advances by the German and Austrian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia failed to fulfill all the commitments of Imperial Russia with the alliance of the Triple Entente.
It is well known that World War I began in July 1914 with the confrontation of two main European imperialist nuclei: on the one hand, the Germanic, with Germany and Austria-Hungary, and on the other, the Slav, with Russia and Serbia. The allies on each side were soon in combat. One of the German strategies used against Russia in the war was to patronize the Communist Bolshevik revolution, which took place in October 1917, so that the Tsar Nicholas II's empire would wear out inwardly, which proved quite effective.
Russia's departure from the war was one of the main prerogatives of the Bolsheviks, who repudiated the nationalist and imperialist war and planned another kind of revolutionary and global war that would, in theory, assault Europe after the First World War, since all the powers involved would be as weak as Russia. However, at the beginning of 1918, to seal a peace agreement with the central powers would enable the Bolsheviks to recover the economy and reshape the army.
They attacked the axis powers in Germany, Russia and many other opposing sides of the war.
What the three cases have in common is that they were all victories for the people and their amendment guaranteed rights against states who wanted to obstruct those. The first case was about preventing states from limiting freedom of speech, the second was about preventing illegally obtained evidence from being used in court, and the third was that the states have an obligation to provide a lawyer to criminals if they can't pay for them.
<span>Fernando Henrique Cardoso</span>
