Answer: A. denying Southern representatives and senators their seats.
There were a few goals that Johnson wanted to pursue during Reconstruction: a quick restoration of the Southern states to the Union and a transfer of power from the planter class to the common people in the South. Johnson was not overly concerned with African-American suffrage, as he believed it was state responsibility to decide who should vote. He also was not concerned with denying Southern representatives their seats. This was a proposal of the Congressional Reconstruction, not Johnson's plan.
Political participation refers to voluntary activities undertaken by the mass public to influence public policy, either directly or by affecting the selection of persons who make policies.