The answer is definitely D
Well it's in your question it was the North of America, the people who didn't like slaves and thought the south was wrong. Everything term you used is considered for the North of America during the American Civil War.
This is going to be A. An artefact is something that <em>we </em>made! =)
No, developed countries aren't facing the challenge of hight birth rates, instead, they are facing problems like: corruption, bad policies, and lack of infrastructure along with conflict from other countries or within their own.
It was the Declaration of Independence I think