Answer: Article III, Section I states that "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." Although the Constitution establishes the Supreme Court, it permits Congress to decide how to organize it.
The first one I would have to say is the Chinese wall
The Middle East was governed by Sultanates, which were several Monarchies that expanded their rule throughout this region. However, this form suffered a series of changes that led to these territories being controlled by Western Powers after the events of the First World War. The interest in these territories was high, as rich oil fields were discovered. This prompted western powers to exercise powerful political and economic influence in order to secure the supply of oil.
Nevertheless, the Western intervention caused major disruption on the Status Quo of these countries, as traditional governing forms were suddenly replaced with pseudo-democracies installed by the Western Powers. This is the main reason for ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, as the majority of locals disregard that these "imported" political systems.
When the Russian lost the war, dissident groups started to question the power and authority of the Russian Czar, which resulted in the Russian Revolution. The Russo-Japanese War was seen more as the downfall of a western power, rather than the rise of an Eastern power. With that, the internal conflict and turmoil in Russia forced the country to become communists.