Question

Encoding a written word semantically rather than on the basis of the word's written appearance illustrates a distinction between:______.a) implicit and explicit memory.b) deep and shallow processing.c) iconic and echoic memory.d) massed and distributed practice.

Answer 1

Answer: b) deep and shallow processing.

Explanation:

In 1972, Craik and Lockhart introduced the levels of processing model, in which they explored the depth of information processing in memory.

According to this model, there are two different ways to process information: shallow and deep. In case of deep processing, the information will remain in our memory for a longer period of time. The deeper processing, therefore, makes recall easier. Shallow processing, on the other hand, focuses only on surface features (such as written appearance of a particular word), so the memory trace does not last long.