Great Britain, thanks to its technological and military superiority, soundly defeated the Chinese imperial army in the First Opium War (1839-1842), also known as the First Anglo-Chinese War. To conclude the war, the two countries signed a treaty highly favorable to Britain. It won special trade rights, access to five treaty ports and Hong Kong.
It would be D. In those times, Democrats were conservative while Republicans were more liberal. Many Democrats had also lost their political power because of the North's Reconstruction.