Answer:
The Bulk density = 1.3 g/cm³
the porosity of the sample is 132 cm³
Explanation:
Given:
Volume of cylinder = 260 cm³
Mass of container and the soil = 403 g
Mass of the empty container = 65 g
Thus,
The mass of the soil is = 403 - 65 = 338 g
Now,
The Bulk density = 
or
The Bulk density = 
or
The Bulk density = 1.3 g/cm³
also,
average particle density for mineral soil is usually given as 2.65 g/cm³
i.e the air present in the given soil sample has reduced its density from 2.65 g/cm³ to 1.3 g/cm³
The mass of the whole sample = Volume × Density
= 260 × 2.65
= 689 gm
but,
The actual mass of the dry sample = 338 g
thus,
Mass of air in the sample = 689 - 338 = 351 g
Therefore,
the volume of 351 g soil =
=
= 132.45 cm³
so the porosity of the sample is 132 cm³
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The principle of uniformity, otherwise known as </span>Uniformitarianism, is a doctrine or principle in geology which posits that <span>the geologic processes of the Earth acted in the same manner and that these natural processes occur with essentially the same intensity in the past as they do in the present. According to this principle, such </span>uniformity<span> is sufficient to account for all geologic change.</span>
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