D) European social and political reform movements erupted
Explanation:
Almost as soon as the effects of Industrial Revolution became permanent many social and political reform movements sprang up all across Europe looking for greater freedom and rights.
<u>This happened because now the population could see the exploitation within closed quarters of each other and it was easier to mobilize in the cities.</u>
<u>The scholarly response to Industrial Revolution also called for the dignity of man</u> and safeguard of his rights as he became more of a cog of a machine.
Historians John Thornton and Linda Heywood of Boston University have estimated that of the Africans captured and then sold as slaves to the New World in the Atlantic slave trade, around 90% were enslaved by fellow Africans who sold them to European traders.
