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Proponents claimed the acts were designed to protect the United States from alien citizens of enemy powers and to stop seditious attacks from weakening the government
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Jane Addams' social work movement was sparked through the witnessing of social injustice toward women of her time. In the United States at the time, women lacked many rights that men already had. Seeing this as a problem of inequality in the United States, this inspired Jane Addams to begin her movement of social work to aid women's causes in the United States with the ultimate goal of equality in the form of voting rights, property ownership, etc
There was little control over urban life, they also performed social services for the immigrants, and the cities needed the services they provided. They understood how to use the political system for their own good.