The Commercial Revolution consisted of the creation of a European economy based on trade, which began in the 11th century and lasted until it was succeeded by the Industrial Revolution in the mid-18th century. Beginning with the Crusades, Europeans rediscovered spices, silks, and other commodities rare in Europe
Southern planters opposed high tariffs on imported goods the reason why they fought these tariffs was because they didn't really want to have such high tariffs and would rather have just traded among each other which they wanted to do, but wasn't able in all cases.
Yes he did he helped bring an end to apartheid practices
President Harding's efforts to return to normalcy were prevented by political scandal because there was a lot of scandal during his administration, which distracted from the plan.
He donated most of his fortune to charitable causes including setting up a 10 million dollar pension fund for teachers.