On this day in 1795, President George Washington signs the Jay (or “Jay’s”) Treaty with Great Britain.
This treaty, known officially as the “Treaty of Amity Commerce and Navigation, between His Britannic Majesty; and The United States of America” attempted to diffuse the tensions between England and the United States that had risen to renewed heights since the end of the Revolutionary War. The U.S. government objected to English military posts along America’s northern and western borders and Britain’s violation of American neutrality in 1794 when the Royal Navy seized American ships in the West Indies during England’s war with France. The treaty, written and negotiated by Supreme Court Chief Justice (and Washington appointee) John Jay, was signed by Britain’s King George III on November 19, 1794 in London. However, after Jay returned home with news of the treaty’s signing, Washington, now in his second term, encountered fierce Congressional opposition to the treaty; by 1795, its ratification was uncertain.
Leading the opposition to the treaty were two future presidents: Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. At the time, Jefferson was in between political positions: he had just completed a term as Washington’s secretary of state from 1789 to 1793 and had not yet become John Adams’ vice president. Fellow Virginian James Madison was a member of the House of Representatives. Jefferson, Madison and other opponents feared the treaty gave too many concessions to the British. They argued that Jay’s negotiations actually weakened American trade rights and complained that it committed the U.S. to paying pre-revolutionary debts to English merchants. Washington himself was not completely satisfied with the treaty, but considered preventing another war with America’s former colonial master a priority.
Ultimately, the treaty was approved by Congress on August 14, 1795, with exactly the two-thirds majority it needed to pass; Washington signed the treaty four days later. Washington and Jay may have won the legislative battle and averted war temporarily, but the conflict at home highlighted a deepening division between those of different political ideologies in Washington, D.C. Jefferson and Madison mistrusted Washington’s attachment to maintaining friendly relations with England over revolutionary France, who would have welcomed the U.S. as a partner in an expanded war against England.
Negative: The Noble Experiment led to increased use of illegal drugs. Bootleg alcohol was sometimes toxic and increasingly expensive. This led many drinkers to switch to opium, cocaine, hair tonic, sterno or “liquid heat,” and other dangerous substances. Thus, Prohibition popularized the use of illegal drugs.
Positive: Wife beating and lack of family support decreased 82%
Drunkenness decreased 55.3%
Assault decreased 53.1%
Vagrancy decreased 52.8%
Disorderly conduct decreased 51.5%
Delinquency decreased 50.0%
Deaths due to cirrhosis decreased 50.0%
Yes, this is actually a good statement for all scientist and expanding farther beyond that. Science is expanding today and growing richer in content but the past discoveries and founders in science are the foundation which science will always stand on. Without the basic laws or basic facts of Science, the complicated or farther extended information will not be valuable.
Answer:In 1492, Christopher Columbus, supported by the Spanish government, undertook a voyage to find a new route to Asia and inadvertently encountered “new” lands in the Americas full of long established communities and cultures. Other European countries quickly followed suit and began to explore and invade the New World.
Explanation:
Answer:
Four Empires: Russian, German, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman disappeared, new countries were created, while Germany lost all its colonies.
Explanation:
When war ended, the peace conference in Versailles created new borders, mostly in Europe. German Empire disappeared and on the soil of it Weimar Republic was established. Austria-Hungary was also dissolved and many new countries were formed on its soil, including Austria, Hungary, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians. Ottoman Empire also disappeared and many countries including Turkey were created. Russian Empire also disappeared and new countries including Finland, Poland were created. Germany lost colonies that were mostly given to France and Britain.
