Although the Crusades are popularly viewed as religiously inspired campaigns to recapture the Holy Land, students should recognize them as a result of the social and economic events in Europe between 1000 and 1200. Religious and secular leaders seeking to end the fighting among feudal lords seized upon the Crusades as a means of redirecting that aggression. Feudal knights who would not be inheriting their family properties eagerly enlisted in the Crusades as a way to win wealth or status. The idea of the pilgrimage was a powerful one, and the Crusades were basically armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land. The various Crusades ultimately failed. The sack of Constantinople was a fitting denouement to the whole concept. The interaction with the East brought to Europe not only Arabic translations of Greek texts, but also original Arabic and Iranian scientific and philosophical works.
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The types of energy used in the United States have changed over time. The change has been driven by advances in technology, energy resource discoveries, energy prices, social pressures and other factors. The only constant is that the amount of energy used has increased steadily over time.
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Sociocultural evolution<span>, </span>sociocultural evolutionism<span> or </span>cultural evolution<span> are theories of cultural and </span>social evolution<span> that describe how</span>cultures<span> and </span>societies<span> change over time. Whereas sociocultural development traces processes that tend to increase the </span>complexity<span> of a society or culture, sociocultural evolution also considers process that can lead to decreases in complexity (</span>degeneration) or that can produce variation or proliferation without any seemingly significant changes in complexity .<span> evolution is "the process by which structural reorganization is affected through time, eventually producing a form or structure which is qualitatively different from the ancestral form".</span>
<span>In the feudal system of the Medieval age, a Serf was a person who was bound to the land of his Lord. A Serf was required to service the Lord as requested. Typically, the peasant Serf would perform manual farm labor on the land and then any other duties requested by his Lord, in exchange for using part of the Lord's land to generate their own food.</span>
