Environment: Cold
Behavioral Trait: Shivering, avoiding social encounters because if the distraction of the cold.
Non-repudiation prevents an individual from fraudulently reneging on an action.
Let understand that "Cryptography" is a term used in commuting and mean study of secure communications techniques which ensure that message are confidentially transferred between the sender and receiver and are non-accessible by third party.
- The most common used techniques is Encyrption which ensures data are converted into <em>plaintext for input</em> and <em>ciphertext for output</em><em>.</em>
- Non-repudiation prevents individual from denying that he/she performed a certain action related to such data.
In conclusion, cryptography can prevent an individual from fraudulently reneging on an action through Non-repudiation.
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<em>brainly.com/question/88001</em>
It should be noted that academic discipline of criminology uses scientific methods to study the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior.
With the help of Criminology the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior can be studied.
<h3>What is Criminology?</h3>
Criminology can be regarded as the study of all aspects of crime as well as law enforcement.
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