Proximity means close to you. For example A few yards. Its proximity to the sun in its passage near that body.
Vegetation catches precipitation on its leaves, slowing it down or holding it for a while. This gives the ground more time to absorb the water, so there's less runoff.
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Because Africa is such a hot continent, lots of water gets dried up and evaporate. If we could have a better irrigation system and use rivers from around the continent, Africa could potentially start farming with the water they gain from the improved irrigation system.
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