Answer: If one is constructing a phylogeny of reptiles using DNA sequence data of birds, mammals, amphibians or fish, the suitable outgroup to be used are mammals due to the time of divergence from other group of organisms.
Explanation: Phylogeny is used to determine evolutionary relationship between items or organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a graphical illustration of phylogenetic relationship. In phylogeny, an outgroup represent an organism that is more distantly related to other group of organisms.
In a phylogenetic tree, outgroup stands alone. It shows that the time of divergence of that particular organism is far from other group of organisms. Outgroup is used to root a tree and sometimes represent a group that is more ancestral on a tree.
It should be noted that differences in the DNA sequences of the organisms under consideration will determine which organism will serve as the outgroup.
ANSWER FOR QUESTION 1:
The most common type of E. coli infection that causes illness in people is called E. coli O157, which produces a toxin known as Shiga-toxin. Shiga-toxin producing E. coli is abbreviated as STEC. Symptoms of infection with this germ include watery or bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting.
ANSWER FOR QUESTION 2:
Some other germs don’t cause as many illnesses, but when they do, the illnesses are more likely to lead to hospitalization. Those germs include: Anyone can get sick from eating contaminated food. Follow four simple food safety steps —clean, separate, cook, and chill—to lower your chance of food poisoning and to protect yourself and your loved ones.
B. New compounds with lower-energy bonds must be formed when the high-energy bonds in food molecules are broken.
Explanation:
The correct statement from the given choices is that new compounds with lower-energy bonds must be formed when the high- energy bonds in the food molecules are broken down.
Cellular respiration is classified as an catabolic process in which an energy rich substance is broken down into a lesser one.
- Metabolic processes are usually divided into catabolic and anabolic processes.
- In catabolic step, energy is broken down.
- Cellular respiration is catabolic whereas photosynthesis is anabolic.
- The new compounds formed have lower energy bonds after respiration.
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Cellular respiration (cells covert nutrients into atp)
Answer:
the answer is c) Test subjects may get bored and want to quit early.
Explanation:
