First published Thu Nov 29, 2001; substantive revision Mon Dec 15, 2014
The term “nationalism” is generally used to describe two phenomena: (1) the attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity, and (2) the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve (or sustain) self-determination. (1) raises questions about the concept of a nation (or national identity), which is often defined in terms of common origin, ethnicity, or cultural ties, and specifically about whether an individual's membership in a nation should be regarded as non-voluntary or voluntary. (2) raises questions about whether self-determination must be understood as involving having full statehood with complete authority over domestic and international affairs, or whether something less is required.
The US tried to stop the spread of communism by the Marshall Plan (giving economic aid to devasted countries), by the Berlin Airlift, by the creation of NATO and by helping form the United Nations.