It believe the answer is the second choice, "have a subject and a verb."
Independent clauses are complete sentences, which knocks out the third and fourth option.
Dependent clauses are not complete thoughts, knocking out the first option.
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What grade is this for ????
The way I have always been taught is to start the very beginning of the essay with a good hook. This could be an interesting fact, a brief story, or background information about your topic. Really it's just anything relating to your argument that will get your reader's attention.
Then clearly state your claim and explain why you will be taking that side with your reasons.
You really don't need to go into too much detail when starting an essay. I find when I try to make my introductions longer they are generally wordy and are full of unnecessary information, so sometimes shorter is better with this sort of thing.
Hope this helps :)
