The hydrosphere is the sphere where all the water of the Earth is included. The geosphere refers to the internal structure of the Earth, the atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth , and the lithosphere is formed by the crust and the upper mantle
Nation states are difficult to create because of colonies ((tell me if u need to know why because I can help with that))
Vertical. Many rocks in mountainous areas can be vertical or even overturned.
The correct answer is - industry.
The developing countries are most often occupied with making the economies heavily focused on the industry, so the countries engage into a big industrialization process.
The industries are usually based around manufacturing of the natural resources that the country has, and most often those are the metal ores, the agricultural products, creating materials...
The developing countries usually have a relatively big economic growth, and that is due to the bad economic basis that they had as a starting point.