Monarchy was very important to the Egyptians because they believed that their Pharaohs acted as a mediator between human beings and their gods and goddesses. They also believed that in the afterlife, Pharos could become divine.
I know that this was short but I hope that it helped anyway!
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Former enslaved persons were given the right to vote.
Martial law was declared in the South.
Usually demand refers to someone tell someone else what to do, or how to do it. For example "Give me the remote." could be demanding.
Human autonomy is the key concept of Enlightenment ideas. This passage relates to those ideas because Napoleon is refering to the importance of reason over beliefs. When he says "the souls of men proceed along different roads" he is also claiming that any religion is valid to feel close to the creator. In a sense Napoleon makes reference to secularization (the idea of religion and politics should be separated and that one's method of worship should be a private matter). That is why he claims that he could be Catholic, Muslim, or Jew.