Apollo 1 caught fire and took the lives of 3 astronauts Apollo 8 completed a nearly flawless mission and completed a safe landing in the Pacific Ocean :)
To make more profit, expand in mercantilism, and gain more raw materials for manufactured goods :)
There were 2 groups of countries the Axis Powers and The Allies, but I would say Germany and The United States were the 2 main countries
Ivan the terrible, or Ivan IV, was the first tsar of Russia. During his reign he gained lots of land through creating a centrally controlled government