Answer:
So the federal government passed the Pacific Railroad Act that provided land grants to railroads. This provided public lands to railroad companies in exchange for building tracks in specific locations.The federal government hoped the railroad profits would be reinvested for further expansion.
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The 13th Amendment abolished slavery.
Answer: Ultramares corporation v. Touche established Ultramares doctrine. Hochfelder v. Ernst & Ernst ruled that scienter is required before CPAs can be held liable.
Explanation:
All the options except the above are true. Ultramares corporation v. Touche did establish the Ultramares doctrine.
United States v. Natelli sentenced two CPAs to prison for a year, in addition to fines, for violating the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Bily v. Arthur Young did not uphold the restatement doctrine. The restatement doctrine restatement doctrine makes an auditor liable to people who rely on the quality of his work be they his clients or third parties. Two high courts ruled that auditors are not liable to third parties who use their work but only to the party that contracted their work.
However, Hochfelder v. Ernst & Ernst ruled that an allegation of scienter (an intention to deceive) is not required before CPAs can be held liable as long as the actions constitute actual deception.
While rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act states the presence of scienter as a requirement to commit an offense, the court ruled against the statute by eliminating the Scienter clause from criminal statute and ruled against Ernst & Ernst.
A barter is negotiating the trade of one good to another. this is easier with coins because is has the same worth for everyone, whereas if goods were being negotiated, it would be more difficult because the worth may vary from person to person.
<u>Answer:</u>
The options that violates the principles of Piaget's theory are
- if a gifted child skipped the concrete operational stage and went directly to the formal operational stage
- if a child went through a revolutionary change of thought at 2 years of age
<u>Explanation:</u>
According to Piaget, all four stages must be successfully completed in order to attain full human intelligence. None of the stages can be skipped and the term "gifted" itself would violate Piaget's idea that intelligence must be gained over time due to biological maturation and interaction with the surroundings. All children will learn and develop as the stages pass. Also, a child who is just two years old would have learned to understand and control only his sensorimotor functions. The thought process of a two year old child isn't developed enough to undergo a drastic revolution.
