The right answer is the last one: transcendentalist thinkers. Transcendentalism was a philosophical, religious and literary movement that originated in the US (specifically as a reform movement within the Unitarian Church) approximately between 1836 and 1860. Based on Romanticism, Hinduism and Rationalism, transcendentalist thinkers believed in the capacity of each individual consciousness (without the need of religious mediators or ideas), in his/her purity, independence and self-reliance, which society and its institutions have corrupted.
They most likely went West.
Number 7 is: c) Brain drains
Number 8 is: b) Low levels of crime
Number 9 is: b) Net migration
A. Computers.
People find the research and store it on documents and internet so it is A. Computers.