The answer is *C) a primary source* because this excerpt is directly from The Code of Hammurabi.
Hector is the answer.
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Two major events triggering modernization of the middle ease would be World War I that started the rise of ethnic consciousness, overthrowing the ottoman rule. And the founding of Israel on 1948 which had established better access to other countries around the world starting the resolution of conflict with the help of UN which will then allow the countries to develop.
