The Umayyad dynasty established Arabic as the official language of the caliphate.
Differences between practical and speculative principles are Speculative principles are more conceptual in nature.
The correct answer is noun clause.
The entire sentence is <em>Scientists report that creatures living in the deep sea are in danger of starving to death. </em>The entire dependent clause acts as the object of the sentence (What do the scientists report...?), which means that it cannot be an adverbial clause. Additionally, it is not describing a noun, and therefore it is not an adjectival clause either. Therefore we are left with the noun clause, which is the correct answer here.
