Ford is considering driving his car onto a lake that appears to be frozen, but may not be safe. He thinks to himself, "Only dumm
ies fall through the ice in their cars, and I am no dummy, so I will drive on the ice even though I am not sure it’s safe." Ford’s decision best exemplifies the concept of _________.
Irving Janis who was a research psychologist has described eight symptoms of group-think:
1. Invulnerability.
2. Rationale.
3. Morality.
4. Stereotypes.
5. Pressure.
6. Self-censorship.
7. Illusion of Unanimity.
8. Mind Guards.
And, the illusion of invulnerability is one of the symptoms of group-think. It describes the over-confidence in the process of decision-making leads to form or create an illusion of invulnerability in which a person believes that he or she is invulnerable to any barrier or obstacle, allowing them to push or thrust aside analytical and clear thinking.
<span> </span>The
correct answer is shaping. Shaping is a method by which it is employed to be
able to have successive approximations towards a particular or targeted behavior
that are being reinforced by means of testing the theory of the behavioral
psychology.
