Answer:
Among the options given on the question the answer is option D.
British gunboats forced China to make major concessions.
Explanation: The Opium wars were a series of wars Between Britain and the Qing dynasty ruled China. British merchants were illegally selling opium in China in the 18th century. But during this time opium was strictly prohibited in the China. The king ordered many decrees against the opium. But the opium was illegally entering to China by the British merchants. So the king gave them a proposal of tea trade,but it didn't work out. So he forced to seize all storage of opium of British merchants. As a result the British king sent the gunboats and the war started. They attacked Canton and got the control. So the Chinese were defeated.
The treaty of Nanjing was signed. According to the treaty China gave Hong Kong to the British,opened five ports for the British Trade and gave $21 million as indemnity.
After the second Opium war China opened trade with also other nation in the world.
So basically British Navy forced China to make major concessions.
