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Rufina [12.5K]
3 years ago
15

Explain the major structural problems with the Articles of Confederation.

History
1 answer:
lara31 [8.8K]3 years ago
6 0

Answer: There was too much power given to the central government so the national government had too little power and the courts did and While the United States under the Articles was able to fight and win the Revolutionary War and sign the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the confederation's many inherent flaws soon became apparent. Congress could not raise taxes to pay off the debts the country incurred in the Revolutionary War. While Congress could ask the states for money "in proportion to the value of all land within each State," states often didn’t pay what they owed. The national government had no judicial branch, as each state had its own. Effectively this meant that states could disregard national policies without consequence. States had their own currencies and forged their own import and export policies, which led to economic chaos and, ultimately, a depression.

From 1781 to 1787, the United States was governed by the Articles of Confederation. Under this system of government, the national legislature was granted very little power, with almost all sovereignty reserved for the individual states. The results were chaotic; there were breakdowns in commerce and security. In 1786, as the Articles' failure became increasingly clear, George Washington lamented, "What a triumph for the advocates of despotism to find that we are incapable of governing ourselves." These deficiencies led directly to the federal system encapsulated in the Constitution.

Explanation:

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Analyze the responses of President Franklin Roosevelt’s administration to the problems of the Great Depression. How effective we
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Answer:Introduction

How we got into the Great Depression - Credit, Over-speculation(farmers), etc.

Touch on Hoover's response and why FDR's was more practical

After FDR won the presidency in 1933, he received massive support from congress in passing legislation which became known as the "100 Days Congress"

Thesis: FDR administration was able to solve the problem of unemployment through his relief efforts, recovery, and reform through the banks and he changed the role of the government to be more controlling

• A national bank holiday: The day after his inauguration, FDR declared a "bank holiday," closing all banks in the country to prevent a collapse of the banking system. With the banks closed, Roosevelt took measures to restore the public's confidence in the financial systems; when the banks reopened a week later, the panic was over.

Ending the gold standard: To avoid deflation, FDR quickly suspended the gold standard. This meant that U.S. dollars no longer had to be backed up by gold reserves, which also meant that the government could print—and spend—more money to "prime the pump" of the economy.

Relief (unemployment)

- CCC (1933) Civilian Conservation Corps- To reduce unemployment, put 250,000 young men to work in rural conservation projects, mostly in national parks and forests.

• - PWA (1933) Public Works Administration- public works administration - Funded the construction of public works projects across the country, including schools, hospitals, airports, dams, and ports, as well as ships for the Navy and airports for the Army Air Corps.

- CWA (1933) Civil works Administration - Provided public works jobs at $15/week to four million workers in 1934.

- FERA (1933) Federal Emergency Relief Administration - Provided direct relief, training and work for unemployed Americans. It was abolished in 1935 and its programs folded into other agencies.

- NYA (1935) National Youth Administration - Provided part-time employment to more than two million college and high school students.

- WPA (1935) Works Progress Administration - Passed in April 1935, the WPA put unemployed people to work in public works projects across the country. It contained a much wider variety of programs than earlier agencies: theatrical productions (the Federal Theatre Project) and writing projects (the Federal Writers' Project), as well as the construction of schools, playgrounds, and other public facilities.

Recovery

- AAA (1933) Agricultural Adjustment Act - The AAA provided relief to farmers by paying them to reduce production; this also helped to reduce crop surpluses and increase prices for crops.

- FHA (1934)

- NIRA - NRA (1933) National Industrial Recovery Act - One of FDR's more controversial measures, it created new agencies and regulations that tightened the relationship between government and business. It was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1935.

- FSA - This act regulated the stock markets and preceded the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1934, which continues to regulate U.S. stock markets to this day.

Reform

- FDIC - The Federal Deposit Insurance Commission backed all bank deposits up to $2500, meaning that most bank customers no longer had to worry that a bank failure would wipe out their life savings. The agency continues to insure American deposits today. Glass Steagall Act (1933) - The Glass-Steagall Act imposed regulations on the banking industry that guided it for over fifty years, until it was repealed in 1999. The law separated commercial from investment banking, forced banks to get out of the business of financial investment, banned the use of bank deposits in speculation. It also created the FDIC[link to "FDIC" passage below]. The effect of the law was to give greater stability to the banking system.

- TVA (1933) Tennessee Valley Administration - (provided jobs, electricity to area - resembles socialism) - The TVA provided electrification and other basic improvements the impoverished interior of the South.

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- Rural Electrification Administration - farmers (1935) - Encouraged farmers to join cooperatives to bring electricity to farms. Despite its efforts, by 1940 only 40% of American farms were electrified.

- SSA (1935) Social Security Act- pensions, etc. - Passed as the Social Security Act, it provided benefits (money) for the elderly and the unemployed. Social Security is still a central part of our public assistance program today.

- Wagner Act - 1935 - Originally known as the Wagner Act (after Robert Wagner, the senator who introduced the bill), gave organized labor rights to bargain collectively with businesses and forced employers to allow unionization of their employees.

- Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)

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Jackson's plans toward Native Americans were controversial because he wanted to remove the Native Americans, though they were the original people who lived in the land. The land should've belong to them, they originally inherited the land.

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