Answer:
The Middle Ages is an indefatigable period by definition. Under the "medieval" concept, more than one thousand years of history are covered, comprising the passage from Late Antiquity (313-800) to the Modern Age, whose start can be established in the 15th century. As it is to imagine, the Medievo integrates numerous and transcendent events that contradict the conception of these centuries like insignificant and dark in contrast to the Renaissance shine.
In all these milestones of the Middle Ages, the Church will have a fundamental role, be it the Roman or its pars orientalis, that is, Byzantium. Medieval society is considered a projection of the will of God, therefore, it is an extremely difficult task to conceive the Middle Ages without the existence of the Church.
Regardless of the affirmations of the origin of the Papacy that find their foundation in the text of Saint Matthew in which Christ points to Peter as the stone on which his Church will build, historically, the first documents that speak in some way of the primacy of The bishops of Rome take us to the end of the first century and, above all, to the end of the second century.
Between the second and seventh centuries, thought, society, culture and Christian morals will be shaped by the axioms of the Fathers of the Church. Its object of study lies in the faith and knowledge of God. An excessive search for knowledge caused the beginning of one of the greatest heresies of nascent Christianity: Gnosticism. Among the first heresies, it is worth noting Arianism, a religion that the Visigoths will assume. Illustrious personalities, such as San Agustín or San Martín Dumio, set some lines of action for the popular masses still dominated by pagan affinities. Parishes of episcopal foundation and own churches erected by the great proprietors are in charge of carrying out the pastoral work.
The phenomenon by means of which the Pontificate reaches its fullness in the 12th century is known as the "Gregorian Reformation", since it is identified with the figure of Gregory VII, a former Cluniac monk, although it was propitiated by preceding monks.
