Basically the Americans in the Revolutionary War in the south South believed that the Civil War was very necessary and it was just defense of their rights and liberties.
The revolutionaries and the Confederates had cast themselves as heroes resisting a tyrannical and authoritarian of the government that they felt no longer deserved obeisance.
The Union, like the British of the Revolutionary era, believed that they had to preserve their nation and prevent the new nation from breaking away.
The quote just saying that he feel like he belong to the human race itself more strongly than any culture/nationality.
Great Society was a failure.
(It is a great idea to help poor people. There will always be poor people. No matter what you do.)
Also too much money was being dumped in Vietnam, and Johnson was not paying attention. Should have maybe pulled troops out of Vietnam then started his Communist ideas.
Sorry maybe a bit too rough. But they were. Some people will work harder then others, why should they not get paid more for what they do?
The answer is C- a loose alliance :) hope this helps!
D. dominated Greece for a number of years