Answer:
Archaea are found in the harshest environments on Earth, and are the oldest known organisms on Earth, appearing in the fossil record over 3.6 BILLION years ago
Explanation:
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Just took the test on Plato. The correct answer is D..comforted!!!
I only post answers I know are correct.
The chromosomes of offspring are not identical to those of their parents or siblings because <u>genetic information</u> is shuffled during meiosis.
Meiosis can be described as a cell division process by which gamete cells divide. The number of chromosomes is reduced to half in this cell division process.
During the process of meiosis, genetic information is shuffled between non-sister chromatids of the homologous chromosomes. This shuffling process is referred to as crossing over. A new combination of alleles is formed due to the process of crossing over.
It is due to the process of crossing over that the organisms produced are not identical to each other or the parents. Genetic diversity is important in order for populations to survive which is possible through the process of meiosis.
To learn more about genetic information, click here:
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Answer:
The simultaneous effect of a predator population on a prey population and a prey population on a predator population over time.
Explanation:
The mathematical models of Lotka-Volterra equations explain the existing interaction between species in which prey and predator influence and affect each other. The model follows a few assumptions,
- The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
- The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
- In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
- When there is no prey, the predator population decreases exponentially because of the lack of food. The predator environment is ideal, but it is limited by prey density.
- The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
- The predators affect the prey populations, inducing its decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
- The prey population also influences the predator population proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.
In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of prey items.
The parameters are always constant:
• r1: prey growth rate.
• a1: predator hunting success.
• r2: predator growth rate.
• a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.
In nature, many factors affect interactions, such as dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also, in reality, there are stochastic factors. Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.
In real situations, the compliance of the whole assumption does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, constantly changing the interaction between the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in varying circumstances for both species.
