Answer:
b) every individual in a population has an equal probability of being selected as a respondent
Explanation:
Simple random sampling is a sampling technique in which the selection of item completely depends on chance or by probability so everyone in the population as an equal chancr of being selected into the sample group.
Unequal distribution of rewards between men and women, reflecting their different positions in a social hierarchy is referred to as <u>gender stratification</u>.
<u>Explanation</u>:
Gender stratification means segregating or ranking based on gender. Men were given high social ranking compared to women. In simple, gender stratification is known as gender inequality.
The prestige, social value and personal freedom were not common for both men and women. Women were always restricted in these criteria. This affects their position in the social hierarchy.
The role of men or women in politics clearly reveals the stratification based on gender. Men were given higher authority whereas women were constricted.
Answer: Negative punishment
Explanation:
Negative punishment could be defined as reducing the rate of a specific behavior from an individual by them carrying out tasks that will lead to such. Most of this negative punishment plan is to curtail excesses that have become a challenge to the individual involved. Lori wants to work on her soda intake, so she sets unfavourable conditions to work it out, this is Negative punishment.