Darius I brought the empire to the peak of its extent.
It dried up.
North Africa used to be a fertile grassland, even swampy in some spots, 12,000 years ago. By 1000 BC (actually quite a while before) it had dried up into what is the the largest desert i the world: the Sahara.
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), World Trade Center (WTO), G8 (France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Japan, the United States, Canada, and Russia), All promote FREE TRADE
The Crusades were fought for the control of several cities and ports, but the main target was Jerusalem, since this was the holy land that the Church wanted to take back.